Conjunctivitis Diagnosis and Treatment

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Conjunctivitis is characterised by inflammation and lumping of the conjunctival tissues, as well as blood vessel engorgement, optical discharge, and pain. Conjunctivitis affects a large number of people worldwide, and it is one of the most common reasons for office visits to general medical and ophthalmology conventions. Nonophthalmologists, such as internists, family doctors, and paediatricians, have been reported to diagnose more than 80% of all acute cases of conjunctivitis. This places a significant financial burden on the healthcare system and accounts for a significant proportion of office visits in a variety of medical specialties.  Conjunctivitis can be classified in several ways, including aetiology, regularity, inflexibility, and extent of involvement of the girding towel. The cause of conjunctivitis can be infectious or non-infectious. The most common cause of contagious conjunctivitis is viral conjunctivitis, followed by bacterial conjunctivitis, while antipathetic and poison- convinced conjunctivitis are among the most common non-infectious etiologies.  Conjunctivitis can be classified as acute with a rapid onset and a duration of four weeks or less, subacute, or habitual with a duration greater than four weeks. Similarly, conjunctivitis can be classified as severe when the affected individuals are extremely distinctive and there is a plethora of mucopurulent discharge.

Conjunctivitis may be associated with the involvement of the girding towel in blepharo conjunctivitis and viral kerato conjunctivitis, as well as the eyelid perimeters and cornea in viral kerato conjunctivitis. Conjunctival injection, also known as "red eye," is a voluntary donation for a variety of ophthalmic conditions that accounts for more than one-quarter of all primary care office visits. Clinicians, whether ophthalmologists or not, must be concerned that "red eye" could be the presenting sign for serious eye conditions such as uveitis, keratitis, or scleritis, or it could be secondary to more benign conditions that are limited to the conjunctival towel (e.g., conjunctivitis or subconjunctival hemorrhage). Historically, it was thought that other dangerous ophthalmic diseases were associated with vision problems, incapacitating pain, and photophobia.  Anisocoria and mild photophobia, however, were found to be strongly related with "severe eye disorders" in a recent large meta-analysis. The presence of these two symptoms allowed for the identification of 59 cases of "serious eye conditions," such as anterior uveitis and keratitis.

Eye discharge, conjunctival injection, red eye, eyelashes stuck together in the morning, grit of the eye, eyelid or conjunctival edoema, and history of contact with individuals with conjunctivitis are some of the clinical signs and symptoms used to help diagnose contagious conjunctivitis. Antipathetic conjunctivitis is often misdiagnosed and mistreated. Itching, chemosis, and redness are present in the absence of significant corneal involvement. Conjunctival lump is frequently exaggerated in comparison to conjunctival hyperemia. The presence of giant papillae in the superior tarsal conjunctiva accompanied by severe itching is the main finding in Vernal Kerato Conjunctivitis (VKC), whereas the presence of conjunctival scar and anterior subcapsular cataract supports the diagnosis of Atopic Kerato Conjunctivitis (AKC).