Journal of Patient Care is a peer-reviewed Nursing journal that focuses on a wide range of topics in this field such as patient health, patient safety, patient education, and so on. It provides a platform for authors to contribute to the journal and the editorial office promises a peer review process for submitted manuscripts to ensure the quality of publication.

This journal, which ranks among the best open access journals, aims to publish the most thorough and trustworthy source of information on discoveries and current developments in the form of original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, etc.

Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that involves the use of one or more anti-cancer medications (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) as part of a prescribed chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherapy is sometimes shortened as "chemo" and occasionally CTX or CTx. Chemotherapy may be administered with the intention of curing, extending life, or reducing symptoms. Chemotherapy is one of the primary subspecialties of the medical area known as medical oncology, which is solely devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer. Inhibition of DNA repair can complement chemotherapy since the term "chemotherapy" has evolved to refer to the non-specific use of intracellular toxins to prevent mitosis (cell division) or cause DNA damage. More specialised drugs that block extracellular signals are not included by the phrase chemotherapy's connotation. Hormone therapies are now defined as the development of treatments with particular molecular or genetic targets that block the growth-promoting signals from traditional endocrine hormones (mainly estrogens for breast cancer and androgens for prostate cancer). Importantly, the administration of medications (such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy) is considered systemic therapy for cancer because these treatments enter the bloodstream and can, in theory, treat cancer at any anatomic site in the body. When treating cancer, systemic therapy is frequently combined with other techniques that fall under the category of local therapy, including radiation therapy, surgery, or hyperthermia therapy.

Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are cytotoxic because they prevent cell division, but cancer cells respond differently to these drugs than other types of cells. Chemotherapy is mostly thought of as a way to harm or stress cells, which may cause cell death if apoptosis is activated. The destruction to healthy cells in the bone marrow, digestive tract, and hair follicles cells that divide quickly and are susceptible to anti-mitotic drugs is a major cause of chemotherapy's side effects. The most frequent adverse effects of chemotherapy as a result are baldness, mucositis, and myelosuppression. Chemotherapy medications are frequently used in a variety of disorders caused by detrimental immune system overactivity against self due to their impact on immune cells, particularly lymphocytes. These include multiple sclerosis, vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and many others. Less frequent side effects include erythema, dry skin, brittle fingernails, xerostomia, water retention, and impotence. Today's chemotherapeutic medications are administered using a variety of techniques.

Chemotherapy can be administered with the goal of curing a condition, extending life, or treating symptoms. The first line of treatment for cancer using a chemotherapeutic medication is induction chemotherapy. Chemotherapy of this kind is administered with the goal of curing. Chemotherapy alongside additional cancer treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy, or hyperthermia therapy, is known as combined modality chemotherapy. Following remission, consolidation chemotherapy is administered in an effort to increase overall survival and extend the duration of disease-free time. The medication used to treat patients is the same medication that led to remission. Combination chemotherapy includes giving a patient many distinct medications at once. The medications' mechanisms and side effects vary. The largest benefit is lowering the possibility that resistance will arise to any particular treatment. Additionally, the toxicity can typically be reduced by using the medications in lesser amounts. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is administered before a local treatment, like surgery, with the goal of reducing the main tumour. Additionally, tumours with a high risk of micrometastatic illness are treated with it. Following local therapy, adjuvant chemotherapy is administered. When there is a chance of recurrence but minimal evidence of cancer is visible, it may be employed. Additionally, it helps eliminate any malignant cells that have moved to other body regions.

Adjuvant chemotherapy can be utilised to treat these micrometastases and lower the risk of relapse brought on by these dispersed cells. Repeated low-dose chemotherapy is used to keep the remission active. The recipient must be able to withstand the treatment for all chemotherapy regimens. When determining whether a patient can get chemotherapy or whether a dose reduction is necessary, performance status is frequently employed as a gauge. Repeated dosages must be given because each treatment only causes a portion of the tumor's cells to die, which makes it necessary to keep the tumour from becoming larger. The frequency and length of treatments in current chemotherapy regimens are constrained by toxicity.